Oral Hygiene in Alzheimer’s Patients: Essential Care for Health and Dignity
Alzheimer’s disease is a progressive neurodegenerative condition that gradually compromises cognitive and motor functions. As the condition advances, it affects the individual’s ability to maintain hygiene routines — including oral care. Neglecting oral hygiene can lead to complications such as plaque buildup, gum inflammation, tooth loss, and discomfort during meals.
At Clínica Débora Ayala, we understand that oral care for people with Alzheimer’s requires a respectful, individualized approach that evolves with the patient’s condition and focuses on prevention, comfort, and quality of life.
Care at each stage of the disease
1° Mild stage
At this point, patients may still have a degree of independence. Guidance and support to families and caregivers are essential to maintaining oral hygiene routines. Some helpful measures include:
- Creating a structured and consistent hygiene routine;
- Using electric or thick-handled toothbrushes for easier grip;
- Offering supervision and gentle encouragement during brushing;
- Maintaining regular preventive dental checkups.
2° Moderate stage
As the condition progresses, patients may forget their hygiene routine or become resistant. Recommendations for this phase include:
- Creating a calm and predictable environment for brushing;
- Using extra-soft toothbrushes and low-stimulation toothpaste;
- Avoiding alcohol-based mouthwashes;
- Ensuring proper cleaning of dentures, if used;
- Monitoring for signs such as persistent bad breath, gum swelling, or chewing difficulty.
3° Advanced stage
In the advanced stage, the patient becomes fully dependent on caregivers. The focus shifts to ensuring comfort and minimizing complications:
- Cleaning can be done using moistened gauze or adapted brushes;
- Frequent inspection of the oral cavity is important;
- Behavioral changes, such as food refusal or agitation, may indicate oral discomfort;
- Dentures must be checked to evaluate if they require adjustment or removal.
The role of the dentist in multidisciplinary care
Dentists can play an important role in the health care team for Alzheimer’s patients. Within their scope of expertise, they can:
- Monitor oral health and provide tailored advice to caregivers;
- Perform preventive procedures such as professional cleaning, plaque control, and fluoride application;
- Assess the comfort and function of dentures when needed;
- Collaborate with other health professionals in a multidisciplinary context, always following ethical guidelines and evidence-based practices.
Treatment decisions should always consider the stage of the disease and the patient’s ability to cooperate. Interventions should be minimally invasive and aligned with the patient’s comfort and general condition.
Prevention and empathy: the foundation of oral care in Alzheimer’s
Maintaining oral health in Alzheimer’s patients is about more than brushing — it’s about preserving dignity, enabling better nutrition, preventing discomfort, and supporting overall well-being. With proper care and professional guidance, many complications can be avoided, even in later stages of the disease.
At Clínica Débora Ayala, we guide and support families with empathy and professionalism. Our goal is to provide ethical, safe, and humanized dental care that adapts to each patient’s journey.
Schedule an evaluation with us.
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